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概述目前(qian)(qian)，2轎車(che)的4輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝置已經(jing)引進(jin)了(le)電子計算機控制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，當前(qian)(qian)輪(lun)(lun)或(huo)后(hou)輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)，車(che)子隨(sui)時(shi)根(gen)據路面(mian)(mian)狀態(tai)的反(fan)饋信(xin)息分配(pei)(pei)前(qian)(qian)后(hou)輪(lun)(lun)子的動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力，變為4輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。4輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)又可(ke)以(yi)細分成4種驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)模式：全(quan)時(shi)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)（Full－Time）、分時(shi)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)（Part-Time）、適(shi)時(shi)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)（Real－Time）和(he)分時(shi)/適(shi)時(shi)混和(he)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。全(quan)時(shi)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)全(quan)時(shi)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)（Full－Time） 全(quan)時(shi)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的特點就是(shi)無(wu)論怎么樣，永遠都保持四輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)模式，這種傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)都是(shi)不(bu)需(xu)要(yao)駕(jia)駛人選擇操(cao)作的。行駛的時(shi)將(jiang)(jiang)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機輸出扭(niu)矩(ju)按50∶50 設定在前(qian)(qian)后(hou)輪(lun)(lun)上，使(shi)前(qian)(qian)后(hou)排車(che)輪(lun)(lun)保持等量(liang)的扭(niu)矩(ju)，遇到特別路面(mian)(mian)的時(shi)候就可(ke)以(yi)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)將(jiang)(jiang)不(bu)同的扭(niu)距分配(pei)(pei)到各個輪(lun)(lun)子上面(mian)(mian)。全(quan)時(shi)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)具有(you)良好的駕(jia)駛操(cao)控性和(he)行駛循跡性，不(bu)過缺點也是(shi)很明顯的，那(nei)就是(shi)比較廢油，經(jing)濟(ji)性不(bu)夠好，而且車(che)輛沒(mei)有(you)任何裝置來(lai)控制(zhi)輪(lun)(lun)胎(tai)轉(zhuan)速的差(cha)異(yi)，一旦一個輪(lun)(lun)胎(tai)離開地(di)面(mian)(mian)就有(you)可(ke)能(neng)讓(rang)你無(wu)法前(qian)(qian)進(jin)。

全輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)也分(fen)兩種形式：一種是全時(shi)全輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，即全部(bu)時(shi)間都(dou)是全輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)；另(ling)一種是短時(shi)全輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，它(ta)可以切斷某個(ge)橋(qiao)的動(dong)(dong)(dong)力，以減少(shao)燃料消(xiao)耗和磨損，只在(zai)(zai)(zai)需(xu)要時(shi)再使(shi)(shi)用(yong)全輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。過去(qu)只有(you)(you)越(yue)野車(che)(che)(che)(che)采用(yong)4輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，一般的越(yue)野車(che)(che)(che)(che)，變速(su)(su)(su)器(qi)(qi)(qi)后面(mian)(mian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)有(you)(you)手(shou)動(dong)(dong)(dong)分(fen)離器(qi)(qi)(qi)，前(qian)(qian)后車(che)(che)(che)(che)軸各裝(zhuang)(zhuang)一個(ge)稱(cheng)為(wei)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)橋(qiao)的部(bu)件。變速(su)(su)(su)器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸出(chu)的扭矩(ju)(ju)通過分(fen)力器(qi)(qi)(qi)和傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)軸，分(fen)別傳(chuan)(chuan)遞到(dao)前(qian)(qian)后車(che)(che)(che)(che)軸上(shang)(shang)(shang)的驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)橋(qiao)，再通過驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)橋(qiao)將(jiang)(jiang)扭矩(ju)(ju)傳(chuan)(chuan)遞到(dao)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)子(zi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。現在(zai)(zai)(zai)轎(jiao)車(che)(che)(che)(che)的馬力都(dou)比較(jiao)大，加速(su)(su)(su)時(shi)重心后移(yi)，全車(che)(che)(che)(che)重量就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)向后軸移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，造成(cheng)前(qian)(qian)軸輕(qing)飄。前(qian)(qian)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的轎(jiao)車(che)(che)(che)(che)即使(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)良(liang)好的路面(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)也會(hui)打滑(hua)，4輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)就(jiu)(jiu)可以防(fang)止(zhi)這種現象發生。轎(jiao)車(che)(che)(che)(che)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的4輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置是常(chang)嚙合式，增(zeng)加了(le)粘性(xing)耦(ou)合器(qi)(qi)(qi)，省去(qu)了(le)手(shou)動(dong)(dong)(dong)分(fen)力器(qi)(qi)(qi)，自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)將(jiang)(jiang)扭矩(ju)(ju)按(an)需(xu)分(fen)配在(zai)(zai)(zai)前(qian)(qian)后輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)子(zi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)正(zheng)常(chang)路面(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，4輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置將(jiang)(jiang)引(yin)擎輸出(chu)扭矩(ju)(ju)的92%分(fen)配到(dao)前(qian)(qian)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)，8%分(fen)配到(dao)后輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)；在(zai)(zai)(zai)滑(hua)溜的路面(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，將(jiang)(jiang)至少(shao)40%的引(yin)擎機輸出(chu)扭矩(ju)(ju)分(fen)配給(gei)后輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)；當前(qian)(qian)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)開始打滑(hua)時(shi)，前(qian)(qian)、后輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)的轉速(su)(su)(su)差異會(hui)使(shi)(shi)耦(ou)合器(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)的粘液立即變稠并鎖住(zhu)耦(ou)合器(qi)(qi)(qi)，從而使(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)軸只將(jiang)(jiang)扭矩(ju)(ju)傳(chuan)(chuan)遞至后輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)，待前(qian)(qian)、后輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)的轉速(su)(su)(su)差異消(xiao)失就(jiu)(jiu)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)回復原有(you)(you)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)形式。

另外一(yi)個缺點就(jiu)是前輪所承受(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)負荷。前輪必須傳遞加速，轉向和(he)制動時地面作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)于輪胎(tai)的(de)(de)力(li)。而(er)輪胎(tai)擁有(you)的(de)(de)附著力(li)是有(you)限的(de)(de)，當附著力(li)一(yi)部分用(yong)(yong)來加速時，就(jiu)必定會(hui)減少對其它(ta)部分的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)力(li)。而(er)后輪承受(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)這種作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)力(li)卻(que)很(hen)少，它(ta)只(zhi)需(xu)要(yao)跟著前輪滾動就(jiu)可以了。

所有(you)前輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)缺點(dian)都是(shi)后(hou)輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)優點(dian)。隨著一部(bu)分的(de)(de)(de)機械部(bu)件(jian)從汽車前部(bu)移到(dao)(dao)后(hou)部(bu)，汽車的(de)(de)(de)平衡(heng)性和操(cao)作(zuo)性都將會有(you)很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)提高(gao)(gao)(gao)。后(hou)輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動的(de)(de)(de)汽車加速(su)時(shi)，牽引力(li)將不會由前輪(lun)(lun)發出，所以在加速(su)轉彎時(shi)，司機就會感到(dao)(dao)有(you)更大(da)的(de)(de)(de)橫向握(wo)持力(li)，操(cao)作(zuo)性能變好。這(zhe)就是(shi)為(wei)什么(me)世界上(shang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)速(su)跑車和高(gao)(gao)(gao)性能轎車都是(shi)采(cai)用(yong)后(hou)輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動的(de)(de)(de)原因了。